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Grammatical commodity in English

The () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. Information technology is the definite commodity in English. The is the most frequently used give-and-take in the English; studies and analyses of texts have plant it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words.^[1] It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Eye English and now has a single course used with pronouns of any gender.^[a] The word can exist used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a substantive that starts with any alphabetic character. This is dissimilar from many other languages, which have unlike forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers.

Pronunciation

In about dialects, "the" is pronounced as /ðə/ (with the voiced dental fricative /ð/ followed past a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as /ðiː/ (homophone of pronoun thee) when followed by a vowel sound or used every bit an emphatic form.^[two]

Modernistic American and New Zealand English have an increasing tendency to limit usage of /ðiː/ pronunciation and utilise /ðə/, even before a vowel.^{[3] [4]}

Sometimes the discussion "the" is pronounced /ðiː/, with stress, to emphasise that something is unique: "he is the good", non but "an" skilful in a field.

Adverbial

Definite article principles in English language are described under "Use of articles". The, equally in phrases similar "the more the improve", has a distinct origin and etymology and by hazard has evolved to be identical to the definite article.^[5]

Article

The and that are mutual developments from the same Old English system. Old English language had a definite article se (in the masculine gender), sēo (feminine), and þæt (neuter). In Centre English, these had all merged into þe, the ancestor of the Modern English word the.^[6]

Geographic usage

An surface area in which the use or non-apply of the is sometimes problematic is with geographic names:

• notable natural landmarks – rivers, seas, mountain ranges, deserts, isle groups (archipelagoes) and so on – are generally used with a "the" definite article (the Rhine, the North Sea, the Alps, the Sahara, the Hebrides).
• continents, private islands, authoritative units and settlements mostly practice not take a "the" article (Europe, Jura, Republic of austria (just the Republic of Republic of austria), Scandinavia, Yorkshire (but the County of York), Madrid).
• showtime with a common noun followed by of may take the article, every bit in the Isle of Wight or the Isle of Portland (compare Christmas Isle), same applies to names of institutions: Cambridge University, but the University of Cambridge.
• Some place names include an commodity, such every bit the Bronx, The Oaks, The Rock, The Birches, The Harrow, The Rower, The Swan, The Valley, The Farrington, The Quarter, The Plains, The Dalles, The Forks, The Village, The Village (NJ), The Village (OK), The Villages, The Village at Castle Pines, The Woodlands, The Pas, the Vatican, The Hyde, the Westward Stop, the Eastward Finish, The Hague, or the City of London (simply London). Formerly e.g. Bath, Devizes or White Plains.^[7]
• by and large described singular names, the North Island (New Zealand) or the West State (England), take an article.

Countries and territorial regions are notably mixed, well-nigh exclude "the" merely there are some that adhere to secondary rules:

• derivations from collective mutual nouns such as "kingdom", "republic", "union", etc.: the Primal African Republic, the Dominican Democracy, the United States, the Great britain, the Soviet Union, the United Arab Emirates, including well-nigh land total names:^{[8] [nine]} the Czechia (but Czechia), the Russian federation (but Russia), the Principality of Monaco (simply Monaco), the Country of State of israel (but Israel) and the Commonwealth of Australia (but Australia).^{[10] [xi] [12]}
• countries in a plural noun: the Netherlands, the Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Philippines, the Comoros, the Maldives, the Seychelles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and The Bahama islands.
• Singular derivations from "isle" or "land" that concord authoritative rights – Greenland, England, Christmas Island and Norfolk Island – do not take a "the" definite commodity.
• derivations from mountain ranges, rivers, deserts, etc., are sometimes used with an commodity, even for singular, (the Lebanese republic, the Sudan, the Yukon, the Congo).^[13] This usage is in pass up, The Republic of the gambia remains recommended whereas use of the Argentine for Argentina is considered old-fashioned. Ukraine is occasionally referred to as the Ukraine, a usage that was common during the 20th century, but this is considered incorrect and perchance offensive in modern usage.^[14] Sudan (just the Republic of the Sudan) and South Sudan (but the Republic of South Sudan) are written nowadays without the article.

Abbreviations

Since "the" is one of the well-nigh frequently used words in English, at various times short abbreviations for information technology have been found:

• Barred thorn: the primeval abbreviation, information technology is used in manuscripts in the One-time English language language. It is the letter þ with a assuming horizontal stroke through the ascender, and information technology represents the word þæt, meaning "the" or "that" (neuter nom. / acc.).
• þͤ and þͭ (þ with a superscript east or t) appear in Heart English manuscripts for "þe" and "þat" respectively.
• yͤ and yͭ are developed from þͤ and þͭ and announced in Early Mod manuscripts and in print (meet Ye grade).

Occasional proposals accept been fabricated past individuals for an abridgement. In 1916, Legros & Grant included in their classic printers' handbook Typographical Printing-Surfaces, a proposal for a alphabetic character similar to Ħ to represent "Th", thus abbreviating "the" to ħe.^[15]

In Middle English, the (þe) was oftentimes abbreviated as a þ with a small e above it, like to the abbreviation for that, which was a þ with a small t above it. During the latter Eye English and Early Modernistic English language periods, the letter of the alphabet thorn (þ) in its common script, or cursive class, came to resemble a y shape. As a outcome, the utilise of a y with an east above information technology () as an abbreviation became common. This can still exist seen in reprints of the 1611 edition of the King James Version of the Bible in places such as Romans 15:29, or in the Mayflower Compact. Historically, the commodity was never pronounced with a y audio, even when and so written.

The word "The" itself, capitalised, is used every bit an abbreviation in Commonwealth countries for the honorific title "The Right Honourable", as in e.g. "The Earl Mountbatten of Burma", short for "The Right Honourable Earl Mountbatten of Burma", or "The Prince Charles".^[16]

References

1. ^ Norvig, Peter. "English Letter Frequency Counts: Mayzner Revisited".
2. ^ "the – definition". Merriam Webster Online Dictionary.
3. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2010). A Course in Phonetics (sixth ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 110.
4. ^ Hay, Jennifer (2008). New Zealand English . Edinburgh: Edinburgh Academy Printing. p. 44.
5. ^ "the, adv.1." OED Online. Oxford Academy Press, March 2016. Web. 11 March 2016.
6. ^ "The and That Etymologies". Online Etymology Lexicon . Retrieved xviii June 2015.
7. ^ "Why is it chosen The Hague?".
8. ^ "Countries: Designations and abbreviations to use".
9. ^ "FAO Land Profiles". www.fao.org.
10. ^ "Using 'the' with the Names of Countries".
11. ^ "List of Countries, Territories and Currencies".
12. ^ "UNGEGN World Geographical Names".
13. ^ Swan, Michael How English Works, p. 25
14. ^ Ukraine or "the Ukraine"? past Andrew Gregorovich, infoukes.com
15. ^ "Missed Opportunity for Ligatures".
16. ^ 'The Prefix "The"'. In Titles and Forms of Address, 21st ed., pp. 8–ix. A & C Blackness, London, 2002.

Notes

1. ^ masculine, feminine, or neuter.

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